>

Carlson choke tubes chart - Feb 25, 2024 · About 40 percent of a shell’s total pellets will fit in a 30-inch circle at 40 yards without

Hastings Choke Tube 1: (Old Style) Interchanges with Carlson's Sta

.410 CHOKE Tubes. Beretta-Benelli Mobil 410ga; Little Invector (1.5″ Flush) Long Invector (1.9″ Flush) 10 GAUGE CHOKE TUBES. Browning Invector 10GA; RESTRICTOR TUBE TYPES. Bismuth Bone Buster Choke Water; Black Cloud Strangle Tubes; Blindside Choke Tubes; BuckShot Choke Tubes; Cremator Series Chokes; Cremator On Gander; Yellow Hunting ...If you have questions, please give us a call or e-mail us at [email protected] Never force-thread a choke into a barrel. Luger: No …Carlson's Long Beard Turkey 12 Gauge Choke Tube - This new ammunition features Shot-Lok Technology that allows for the tightest patterns and longer downrange reach over any lead turkey load on the market. Pair this ammunition's capabilities with the new Carlson's Long Beard Turkey Choke and you have a devastating, gobbler-killing combination. 10 Percent Greater penetration over standard ...Choke Tube Interchange Guide Carlson's Choke Tubes Compatibility Chart. Questions & Answers Will these fit a CZ 620 Youth in 20 ga? Manufacturer Answer. Yes the CZ 620 does use the Huglu style choke tubes. by Carlsons Choke Tubes, Manufacturer, March 31, 2021 Will these extended tubes fit the newer CZ G2 SxS 20ga ...The Carlson’s Light Modified is the best choke tube for the Savage Stevens 555. It can deliver more consistent patterning results inside 40 yards that exceed those of factory choke tubes. It’s extended design makes it easy to remove and the LM constriction is perfect for most sporting clay, upland game, or waterfowl hunting situations.The Carlson's Buckshot Choke Tube was specifically designed to pattern great out of the packaging with Buckshot and other large lead pellets. Extensive testing went into development of this choke tube and the results are nothing short of amazing for long range coyote hunting with 00 buckshot. 70Yard Range. SHOT-LOKTechnology.Carlson's Choke Tubes 720 South Second Street Atwood, KS 67730 (785) 626-3700 (785) 626-3999; [email protected]; QUICK LINKS. Warranty Registration; Request a Catalog; Choke Interchange Guide; Ordering Information; International Dealers; Patterning Information; Our Lifetime Warranty;The choke tube table above shows the diameters and constrictionsyou can expect for choke tubes and shotgun barrels for SKB 12-gaugeshotguns compared to common fixed choke shotgun gauges. Knowing the diameter of a choke tube is important in order to identify choketube constriction. The tighter the choke tube, the more constriction it has and the ...CZ 1012 G3 12 gauge: interchanges with Trulock’s CZ II style. (Flush choke length 2.750 in.) CZ 620 20 gauge: interchanges with Trulock’s Benelli Mobil style. CZ 628 28 gauge: interchanges with Trulock’s Beretta Mobil style. CZ Bob White: interchanges with Trulock’s Beretta/Benelli Mobil style.Search Our Choke Interchange Guide. Not sure which choke system your gun has? Check out our Choke Interchange Guide to find out! ... Carlson's Choke Tubes 720 South Second Street Atwood, KS 67730 (785) 626-3700 (785) 626-3999; [email protected]; QUICK LINKS. Warranty Registration; Request a Catalog; Choke Interchange Guide; Ordering Information;Each choke tube protrudes .625 to 1.3 inches from the end of the barrel depending upon which type of firearm the choke tube has been specifically designed for. HIGH PERFORMANCE: Carlson's Choke Tubes Rifled for Browning Invector Plus 20 Gauge constricted at Rifled and measured at 0.62 diameter.Carlson's Choke Tubes, LLCCarlson's Choke Tubes 720 South Second Street Atwood, KS 67730 (785) 626-3700 (785) 626-3999; [email protected]; QUICK LINKS. Warranty Registration; Request a Catalog;We back all of our choke tubes with a lifetime warranty, so you can focus on busting clays and filling bag limits. If any damage occurs to your choke tube, just package it up and mail it back to us for a replacement. ... Carlson's Choke Tubes 720 South Second Street Atwood, KS 67730 (785) 626-3700 (785) 626-3999; [email protected]; QUICK LINKS ...Tru™-Choke Thinwall tubes are recommended for 2¾" Lead Shot loads ONLY. All X-Full and Turkey constrictions are for use with Lead and Hevi-Shot ONLY! SPECS: 1704 Stainless steel, heat treated. Available for 12 and 20 gauge, depending on model. Rem™Choke-style: .814"-32 tpi (12 ga.) or .702"-32 (20 ga.) fits barrels originally equipped with ...Briley is the BIGGEST and BEST shotgun choke tube manufacturer IN THE WORLD! Account My Account; My Orders; My Wishlist; Login - 0 Items Toggle navigation. Shop All ... Choke Tubes ; Tube Sets; Choke Installation; Shotgun Accessories; Gunsmithing; Firearms; Trap Machines; Featured! > Previous Next. Chokes and Choke Accessories …Carlson's Choke Tubes 720 South Second Street Atwood, KS 67730 (785) 626-3700 (785) 626-3999; [email protected]; QUICK LINKS. Warranty Registration; Request a Catalog;Briley is the BIGGEST and BEST shotgun choke tube manufacturer IN THE WORLD! Account My Account; My Orders; My Wishlist; Login - 0 Items Toggle navigation. Shop All Categories. Briley 22 Raptor; Briley 3 Gun; Briley Electronics; Briley Pistol Department; Gift Cards; Chokes and Choke Accessories ...Layout 1. CARLSON CHOKE TUBES INTERCHANGE LIST. Please Note: This list is to be used soley as a guide. There are always exceptions. Visit Carlson’s Choke Tubes, LLC On-Line at: www.ChokeTube.com. If you have questions, please give us a call or e-mail us at [email protected] Never force-thread a choke into a barrel. 22.Find the best choke tubes for your Stoeger M3500 shotgun at Midwest Gun Works. Choose from various gauges, finishes, and patterns to suit your needs.Jun 8, 2023 ... ... Carlson's provided the choke tube and BOSS provided the shells, thanks to them for their support. Hunting Gear Tetra Hearing protection ...Search Our Choke Interchange Guide. Not sure which choke system your gun has? Check out our Choke Interchange Guide to find out! ... Carlson's Choke Tubes 720 South Second Street Atwood, KS 67730 (785) 626-3700 (785) 626-3999; [email protected]; QUICK LINKS. Warranty Registration; Request a Catalog; Choke Interchange Guide; Ordering Information;Carlson's Cremator choke works especially well with the Stoeger M3020 for waterfowl. It can produce more consistent and dense patterns downrange. Carlson's TSS choke is the choke to get for dense turkey patterns with tungsten super shot. For a long-range choke tube that fits the Stoeger M3020, Patternmaster Code Black is hard to beat.Trulock choke tube interchange chart. Choke-Tube.Com an LG Enterprises, LLC Company: Need Ammo? Click Here! ... - Carlson's Rifled Choke Tubes-Gobbler Stopper-More Chokes: Fast shipping No Back Orders. Choke-Tube.com Toll Free 1-888-547-4679 Fax 1-334-567-2780 [email protected] back all of our choke tubes with a lifetime warranty, so you can focus on busting clays and filling bag limits. If any damage occurs to your choke tube, just package it up and mail it back to us for a replacement. ... Carlson's Choke Tubes 720 South Second Street Atwood, KS 67730 (785) 626-3700 (785) 626-3999; [email protected]; QUICK LINKS ...The 320's versatility allows it to function in even the most challenging environments, but it needs the right choke tube to function effectively. The Patternmaster Code Black and Carlson's Cremator are two of the best choke tubes for the Savage Stevens 320. They can deliver results of over 80% pellets inside a 30-inch circle at over 40 ...Carlson's Choke Tubes are CNC milled from solid 17-4, heat-treated, stainless bars for optimum performance and longevity. See the Carlson's Choke Tubes Interchange Chart to find the right fit! Filter ProductsThe magazine extension tube is great for home protection, competition shooting, and law enforcement. See chart below for the make/model and the magazine capacity. Overall Length of Extensions: **Magazine round count is for the total capacity using 2 3/4-inch shells and 1 in the chamber**. **Remington extensions require removal of tabs in ...Though you might not have initially thought it, there's a lot more to it than just getting to a station, getting on a train and then getting off again. A guide to getting the Tube,...We back all of our choke tubes with a lifetime warranty, so you can focus on busting clays and filling bag limits. ... Carlson's Choke Tubes 720 South Second Street Atwood, KS 67730 (785) 626-3700 (785) 626-3999; [email protected]; QUICK LINKS. Warranty Registration; Request a Catalog;Hastings Choke Tube 2 Huglu 12ga Huglu 20ga. (Current Version) No known interchange Interchange with Beretta/Benelli style threads Interchange with Huglu. 1. NOTE: Lead, Copperplated, Nickel, Hevi-ShotTM, Bismuth or Tungsten may be used in all of our Turkey Choke Tubes. Visit Carlson's Choke Tubes On-Line at: www.ChokeTube.com.The Patternmaster Code Black Duck is one of the best choke tubes for the Stoeger m3500. It delivers uniform patterns that hold together at longer ranges. Carlson’s Cremator is another choke tube that excels in long range shooting through the Stoeger m3500. It’s offered in both a long range model and mid-range for up close decoy hunting.(Old Style-Fine threads) Interchanges with Carlson’s standard Tru-Choke style threads.. SUBSCRIBE NOW. ... Contact Us. Carlson's Choke Tubes 720 South Second Street Atwood, KS 67730 (785) 626-3700 (785) 626-3999; [email protected]; QUICK LINKS. Warranty Registration; Request a Catalog; Choke Interchange Guide; …What is the best choke for competition, turkey, deer, waterfowl or card shooting? Use our choke guides to make the best selection. QUESTIONS? 888-875-7906. PRODUCTS. Chokes; Ribs; Barrel Work; Apparel; DVD’s ... Below are four charts we’ve created to help you find the right choke for your shotgun.It typically patterns one constriction tighter than what is listed on the choke. * Meaning: If you are shooting a “Full” with steel, it will pattern like shooting “Extra Full”. Steel is also a little tougher on the barrel and choke especially. To handle this, we construct our tubes from 17-4 heat-treated stainless bar stock.Carlson's Choke Tubes. Carlson's is a choke tube manufacturer based out of Kansas specializing in choke tubes for skeet, waterfowl, upland game, and predator hunting. All choke tubes are made in the USA. Carlson's offers shotgun chokes in .410 bore, 28 gauge, 20 gauge, 12 gauge, and 10 gauge.3) Carlson’s TSS Turkey Choke Tube. Rating:★★★★☆TurkeyNon-PortedLong RangeTSS. Tungsten Super Shot (TSS) is the densest shot that is available for turkey hunting. It weighs in at 18g/cc. Lead is around 11g/cc and steel is …Carlson's Choke Tubes, Remington 20 Gauge for Sporting Clays are perfect for those who are in need of dense patterns from their shots. Made from 1704 heat treated stainless steel, these Choke Tubes by Carlson's Choke Tubes are manufactured to withstand any amount of shooting. The 20 Gauge Remington Choke Tube for Sporting Clay by Carlson's parallel section is 25% longer than previous models of ...Click to find the correct system for your gun: Carlson’s Interchange Guide. *your gun not listed? Give us a call and we’ll help you out! First, we take the gun you are shooting, and …Indonesia has two kinds: Logistical chokepoints: These are domestic bottlenecks that exist because of poor infrastructure, outdated technology, or inefficient administrative processes. Their effects are limited but consequential. Congested highways, busy seaports, decrepit airports are logistical bottlenecks constraining economic development.HIGH PERFORMANCE: Carlson's Choke Tubes Flush Mount Replacement for Winchester - Browning Inv - Moss 500 12 Gauge constricted at Turkey and measured at 0.680 diameter. LIFETIME WARRANTY: We back all of our choke tubes with our lifetime warranty so you can focus on busting clays and filling bag limits. MADE IN THE USA: All our Carlson's Choke ...Brands like Carlson's, Patternmaster, and Trulock all offer choke tubes that are compatible with the Stoeger Condor. ... As long as the choke tubes are compatible with the Beretta/Benelli Mobil system and the specific gauge of your Stoeger Condor, you should be able to use them without any restrictions. 5/5 - (53 vote) Related posts:The choke tube table above shows the diameters and constrictionsyou can expect for choke tubes and shotgun barrels for Lanber 12-gaugecompared to common fixed choke shotgun gauges. Knowing the diameter of a choke tube is important in order to identify choke tubeconstriction. The tighter the choke tube, the more constriction it has and the less ...Interchanges with Carlson’s Beretta/Benelli Mobil style threads. CZ USA 12 ga including: 612, 620, 628, 712, 912, and Reaper Mag models (Does NOT fit G3 712 or 1012) ... Carlson's Choke Tubes 720 South Second Street Atwood, KS 67730 (785) 626-3700 (785) 626-3999; [email protected]; QUICK LINKS. Warranty Registration;We back all of our choke tubes with a lifetime warranty, so you can focus on busting clays and filling bag limits. If any damage occurs to your choke tube, just package it up and mail it back to us for a replacement. ... Carlson's Choke Tubes 720 South Second Street Atwood, KS 67730 (785) 626-3700 (785) 626-3999; [email protected]; QUICK LINKS ...If you have questions, please give us a call or e-mail us at [email protected] Never force-thread a choke into a barrel. Luger: No …Dec 27, 2023 · See this chart for more choke sizes by diameter. On This Page. 1) How to tell what choke a shotgun is. 2) Look for writing on the side of the choke tube. 3) Lines or notches marked on the end of the choke. 4) Dots or round indentions. **Chokes With Stars**. 5) Measure the choke with calipers.Carlson's Winchester 12ga Flush Mount Replacement Stainless Choke Tube. $24.50. Select Options. Carlson's Winchester 12ga Sporting Clays Choke Tubes. $54.00. Select Options. Carlsons Winchester 16 Yard Trap Choke 12ga. $58.00. Add To Cart.The combination of the Coyote Choke Tube and #4 buckshot can serve-up greater penetration for lead loads up to and exceeding 50 yards. Features. Delivers dense patterns that are effective at over 50 yards. Designed for and pairs well with Buckshot ammo. Extended ported choke halts the wad for better pellet distribution.It typically patterns one constriction tighter than what is listed on the choke. * Meaning: If you are shooting a “Full” with steel, it will pattern like shooting “Extra Full”. Steel is also a little tougher on the barrel and choke especially. To handle this, we construct our tubes from 17-4 heat-treated stainless bar stock.Yildiz shotguns typically use Beretta/Benelli Mobil style choke tubes, making it easier to find compatible chokes for your gun. Contents [ show] 1. Can I use other brands' choke tubes in a Yildiz shotgun? Yes, as long as they are Beretta/Benelli Mobil style, they should be compatible with Yildiz shotguns. 2.Mar 23, 2020 ... In this video, we compare the JEBS HEADHUNTER vs Carlson's Long Beard XR choke tubes. I was very surprised at the results!The equation looks something like this: Choke System + Ammo choice/pellet size + Constriction/Choke Tube Choice + Shooting Situation = Success. Without all of those pieces of the equation, we can't get to the success at the end. Click to find the correct system for your gun: Carlson's Interchange Guide.Carlson's Choke Tubes 720 South Second Street Atwood, KS 67730 (785) 626-3700 (785) 626-3999; [email protected]; QUICK LINKS. Warranty Registration; Request a Catalog;According to Carlson: "Carlson's TSS Turkey Choke Tubes are optimized for Federal Premium Heavyweight TSS Turkey Loads but also work exceptionally well with other manufacturer's turkey ammunition (Smaller shot size 7-9)". 4. Best Shotgun Choke for Doves: Beretta 0.75″ Extended Choke ... Shotgun Choke Chart.Carlson's Choke Tube Interchange Chart: Click Here For Choke Tube Information And FAQs: Tru-Lock Choke Tube Interchange Chart: Beretta / Benneli: Briley: Browning: ... Carlson's Choke Tubes. Carlson's Beretta/Benelli, Black Cloud, Browning Invector/Invector Plus, Crio Plus, Hevi-shot, Mossberg, Turky, Remington, Rifled choke tubes. 410, 28 ...Aug 26, 2022 ... Muller Passing vs Carlson's Cremator LR vs Kicks Hi-Flyer Full vs Factory Choke ... Aftermarket Extended Choke Tubes. The New Hunters Guide•17K ...The choke tube table above shows the diameters and constrictionsyou can expect for choke tubes and shotgun barrels for SKB 12-gaugeshotguns compared to common fixed choke shotgun gauges. Knowing the diameter of a choke tube is important in order to identify choketube constriction. The tighter the choke tube, the more constriction it has and the ...sneem. 2206 posts · Joined 2006. #7 · Sep 16, 2010. ALLDRAKES said: The 3 Carlsons I have tried in 2 different guns with 6 different loads have showed very little improvement over factory with the exception of 1 load. Trulocks a little better than factory and Brileys always better by a good margin over factory chokes.Carlson's Choke Tubes 720 South Second Street Atwood, KS 67730 (785) 626-3700 (785) 626-3999; [email protected]; QUICK LINKS. Warranty Registration; Request a Catalog;Browning Midas™ Grade choke tubes produce tighter patterns than Browning Invector-Plus™ choke tubes. DIAMOND GRADE EXTENDED: Longer choke taper inside Invector-Plus™ choke tubes for use with back-bored barrels. Matching tubes for the Citori 625. 17-4 stainless steel construction.According to Carlson: “Carlson’s TSS Turkey Choke Tubes are optimized for Federal Premium Heavyweight TSS Turkey Loads but also work exceptionally well with other manufacturer’s turkey …Carlson's Super Steel Shot Choke Tubes -The longer parallel section allows for use of larger steel shot in tighter choke constrictions. They are made of 17-4 stainless with a knurled extension and a blue finish. Each choke tube carries a lifetime warranty. All steel shot sizes may be used in the close and mid-range choke tubes.IM. 30-50. 25-40. Full. 40+. 30-45. Cylinder choke tubes come with the freest flight patterns and offer a viable firing range that is the most precise. Open choke tubes are highly recommended to use for buckshot choke and birdshots at a short distance or range. Moreover, They deliver a broad pattern that kills targets at short ranges.Carlson's Sporting Clays Choke Tubes are made from 17-4 stainless and precision machined to produce a choke tube that patterns better than standard choke tubes. These choke tubes feature a 25% larger parallel section in the choke, thus throwing more consistent patterns than conventional choke tubes. Lead, Copperplated, Nickel Hevi-Shot™, Bismuth, Tungsten or Steel Shot may be used in these ...We back all of our choke tubes with a lifetime warranty, so you can focus on busting clays and filling bag limits. ... Carlson's Choke Tubes 720 South Second Street Atwood, KS 67730 (785) 626-3700 (785) 626-3999; [email protected]; QUICK LINKS. Warranty Registration; Request a Catalog;Browse CARLSON'S Choke Tubes - 50 Products / 6 Models. Brownells has 50 Choke Tubes products for sale online As Low As $16.99 with 4.8 Ratings out of 29 Reviews from verified buyers. Browse all of our Shotgun Choke Tubes & Accessories products from CARLSON'S today!Carlson's 2-Pack Waterfowl Choke Tubes. (0) Write a review. $89.99 - $91.99. No media assets available for preview. Explore a wide selection of quality outdoor gear at Bass Pro Shops, the trusted source for Carlson's 2-Pack Waterfowl Choke Tubes . With our low price guarantee, get the best brands and latest gear at unbeatable everyday prices.Most choke manufacturers offer Standard Invector choke tubes for waterfowl and turkey hunting. Shotguns and chokes that are compatible with Mossberg Standard Invector will typically have “Invector”, “INV”, or “Moss INV” written on them. Standard Invector is not interchangeable with other Mossberg choke systems, such as the 835/935.Step 2: Grab your tube lube, and apply a tiny amount to the choke tube threads to prevent it from becoming stuck to the shotgun barrel later on. Step 3: With your clean rag, wipe the shotgun barrel threads. Step 4: Next, grab the choke tube. Mount it to the shotgun barrel just using your fingers and light force.Interchanges with Carlson's Winchester, Browning Invector & Mossberg 500 style threads. Weatherby SA 459 Xtra Green, Orion, Athena, Centurion & Element SA Shotguns ... Carlson's Choke Tubes 720 South Second Street Atwood, KS 67730 (785) 626-3700 (785) 626-3999; [email protected]; QUICK LINKS. Warranty Registration; Request a Catalog;The best choke for the Benelli Super Black Eagle 3 is the Patternmaster Code Black. It can deliver tight patterns out to 60 yards on waterfowl. Carlson’s Cremator is another good option, especially their choke tube sets which come with mid and long-range tubes. Finally, the Long Beard XR choke performs extremely well with Winchester XR ammo ...Midwest Gun WorksSelect Options. Carlson's Tru-Choke 12 Gauge Flush Mount Replacement Stainless Choke Tube. $26.00. Select Options. Carlson's Tru-Choke 12 Gauge Rifled Choke Tube. $80.50. Add To Cart. Carlson's Tru-Choke 12 Gauge Small Diameter Blued Sporting Clays Choke Tube. $62.50.The objective of the choke tube is to alter how soon and how much those BB's expand as they exit the barrel by "pinching" them at the end of the barrel. More "pinch" at the muzzle will result in the BB's staying closer together for longer, ultimately resulting in a further effective range. The degree to which the BB's are "pinched" is known as ...How to Choose the Right Choke Tube | How to Shotgun: There's no question that when it comes to choke tubes, there are A LOT of options. Even if you're using ...The NEW White Wing Dove choke features Carlson’s Exclusive TST (Triple Shot Technology) which results in reduced pellet deformation, denser patterns, and less flyers. Our White Wing Dove choke is manufactured from 17-4 stainless steel and has been designed to produce the best patterns for dove hunters. For all ranges, when hunting doves we guarantee the reliability and performance dove ...It’s made of stainless steel with a durable black oxide coating for long-lasting durability and no reflection on sunny days. This is one of the most popular waterfowl chokes offered by Carlson’s, and for good reason. Features: Available in Close Range (.717″), Mid-Range (.707″), and Long Range (.697″)These choke tubes feature a 25% longer parallel section in the choke thus throwing more consistent patterns than conventional choke tubes. HIGH PERFORMANCE: Carlson's Choke Tubes Blued Sporting Clays for Remington 12 Gauge constricted at Skeet and measured at 0.725 diameter.Carlson's Choke Tubes 720 South Second Street Atwood, KS 67730 (785) 626-3700 (785) 626-3999; [email protected]; QUICK LINKS. Warranty Registration; Request a Catalog;Made from 17-4 heat treated stainless steel, these chokes are for the Beretta/Benelli Mobil shotguns. Steel, Lead, & Hevi-Shot may be used in all constrictions with the exceptions listed below. No Steel shot larger than #BB or speeds exceeding 1550 fps should be used in choke tubes tighter than full. No steel shot larger than #4 allowed in the Turkey constriction These choke tubes are backed ...The Patternmaster Code Black and Carlson's Cremator are two of the best choke tubes for the Mossberg 9200. They can deliver results of over 80% pellets inside a 30-inch circle at over 40 yards with the right ammo. Their ported design helps reduce recoil and muzzle jump, making follow up shots quicker and more accurate.Tight chokes such as Carlson’s TSS choke paired with #8 TSS is a viable turkey load at up to 50 yards. 10 and 11 shot TSS is gaining popularity for close shots on strutting toms, but this specialized pellet has several draw backs.We back all of our choke tubes with a lifetime warranty, so you can, Search Our Choke Interchange Guide. Not sure which choke system your gun has?, RETURNS & WARRANTY INFORMATION. Warranty. Carlson's Choke Tubes are backed by our Lifetime Warranty! If a, Carlson's Choke Tubes are made from the finest corrosion-resistant 17-4 PH stainless steel available. .., We back all of our choke tubes with a lifetime warranty, so you can focus on bustin, Carlson's Choke Tubes, LLC, Tru™-Choke Thinwall tubes are recommended for 2¾" Lead S, These precision Rifled Choke Tubes are manufactured, The Patternmaster Code Black is one of the best choke tub, Select Options. Carlson's Tru-Choke 12 Gauge Flush M, THE STORY BEHIND MÜLLER CHOKES. "FROM MY BEDROO, Carlson's Choke Tubes 720 South Second Street Atwood, The Beretta A300 works especially well with the Carlson's Crema, Carlson's Choke Tubes 12 Gauge Waterfowl Choke Tube, The Kansas-based company offers a bevy of choke tubes, spa, Aftermarket choke companies, like Carlson's Choke Tubes, o, Briley is the BIGGEST and BEST shotgun choke tube m, Carlson's Choke Tubes 720 South Second Street Atwood, KS.