6. Compare any two skillets from different brands—be they antiques, modern pans, or from boutique cast iron makers—and you’re sure to notice a few differences. Shape, color, seasoned or unseasoned, the list goes on and on. But one of the most difficult details to work out among the brands is the actual size of the pans they produce.The Smithey Ironware No. 12 Cast Iron Skillet is made by a small company in South Carolina. With a smooth, polished interior and a classic shape, it aced all our tests, searing, baking, and browning beautifully and releasing food like a nonstick pan would. But it's about $200, so we also chose a Best Buy. The Lodge 12 Inch Cast Iron Skill et ...Birmingham Stove and Range BSR Unmarked #8 Cast Iron Skillet Lid ONLY. This lid measures 10 in diameter to the edge that sits inside the skillet without the handles, 10 3/4 to the outer edge without the handles and 11 1/4 including the handles. The inside is marked NO 8 - 10 1/8 IN and has invertedAntique BSR Cast iron Skillet. Circa 1930 larger pour spouts. The numbers and letters are askew with is indicative of the older pan. Condition is very nice considering age and use. Smooth no blemishes or cracks. Measures 9.75 inches cooking surface is 8 inches ... BSR, # 5, Antique Cast Iron Skillet, Birmingham, BSR Red MountainVintage Unmarked Birmingham Stove Range BSR Cast Iron 10-1/4" Square Skillet. $34.99. + $16.99 shipping.Rare and Unique smooth bottom BSR. Potentially though undocumented early edition BSR Red Mountain #8, 10 inch cast iron skillet with heat ring. Excellent Condition. Very Smooth cooking surface. It sits exactly flat and isnt warped, cracked or chipped, This old skillet is 8 inch diameter and wasFrom #3's to #20's, only in cast iron can you get your hands the PERFECT size tool for any culinary job. We love those in-between sizes to get you just the right amount of cooking surface without wielding too much pan (this stuff is heavy, remember!) or having to crowd things up.Combine the ingredients in a large bowl. Shape the beef mixture into 6 patties. Cook in a hot, greased cast iron skillet for about 4 minutes on one side. Flip with a spatula, cook for about 4 more minutes, and then let the patties rest for a few minutes before serving.History. One of the earliest American cast iron kitchenware is the Dutch oven. Since early Americans principally cooked over the hearth, they needed cookware with legs or handles to properly cook. The Dutch oven filled the order. The Dutch oven, with its legs to place on the coals, and the flanged lid to hold coals, and handle to place on a ...The Smithey Ironware No. 12 Cast Iron Skillet is made by a small company in South Carolina. With a smooth, polished interior and a classic shape, it aced all our tests, searing, baking, and browning beautifully and releasing food like a nonstick pan would. But it's about $200, so we also chose a Best Buy. The Lodge 12 Inch Cast Iron Skill et ...Oct 25, 2023 · Apply Oil: Using a cloth or paper towel, apply a thin coat of suitable oil to the entire skillet, including the handle and bottom. Suitable oils include flaxseed, vegetable, canola, or shortening. I used Crisco shortening. Remove Excess Oil: After applying, use a clean cloth or paper towel to wipe off any excess oil.Birmingham Stove & Range (BSR) cast iron skillet. Size #10 (12-7/16"). There are no cracks, breaks, etc. Pretty clean skillet, but old / used so could be casting flaws, scratches, light etching, utensil marks, other staining / color variation, dark spots from oil pooling during seasoning, etc. here or there.For sale today is a beautifully reconditioned BSR #5 cast iron skillet. Birmingham Stove and Range began producing cast iron cookware in 1902 and continued manufacturing until 1989. The pan was stripped using a lye bath and seasoned 3 times with crisco for a beautiful nonstick finish. This is a great piece with no rust, cracks, or repairs.April 1, 2016 at 8:59 PM. That would be great! Email to [email protected]. December 19, 2016 at 3:36 AM. Can you start an information gathering site for Little Known Cast Iron Cookware and start with John C Johnson.Wagner Ware Double Skillet Set (Unmarked) $ 205.95 Free shipping! This unmarked Wagner Ware Double Skillet set has been fully restored and is ready for use. The deep bottom pan can be used as a chicken fryer, the lid can be used as a standard skillet, and together they can be used as a dutch oven. This set is the vintage equivalent of …Cast iron skillets ideas. Here is a nice little #5 skillet made by Birmingham Stove and Range Company in Birmingham, Alabama. It is marked only 5H. on the bottom. This is typical, BSR rarely marked their pieces with the company name. This piece is from the Red Mountain series and the cooking surface has been machine.Would definitely buy from this seller again! BSR #10 Cast Iron Skillet Heat Ring Birmingham Stove & Range Cleaned Seasoned 5H-2 12 7/16. Birmingham ridge triangle handle with teardrop hanger hole. We will always do our best to resolve any problems that you have with your order!Location: Birmingham, Jefferson County, AlabamaFounder: Sam D. JonesPeriod of Production: 1902-1989Products Manufactured: Full LineBrand Names: Red Mountain, Century, Pioneer, Lady Bess.Antique Pre-GRISWOLD #7 Cast Iron Skillet - "ERIE" #701E Inset Heat Ring - Sixth 6th Series circa 1905 - 1907 - CRACKED ... BSR Red Mountain 8L Cast Iron Skillet With heat ring by Birmingham Stove and Range, Alabama in the 1930/40'sBirmingham Stove & Range (BSR) cast iron "small fry" skillet. There are no cracks, breaks, etc. Has not been used since the restoration process. Sits flat. Cleaned / seasoned / ready to cook. From the Century Series.pot holders kitchen storage pot and pan sets. These skillets were produced for Hemenway’s Seafood Restaurant in Providence, Rhode Island by Birmingham Stove & Range Co. The are Hard to Find and very cool. This skillet features the company name in raised letters on top of the handle. Birmingham Stove & Range Co was founded by Sam D Jones in 1902.Both are solid choices. I prefer the lighter weight myself. I've got a Wagner 12 inch cast iron skillet that's at least 50 yrs old, and an 8 inch and a 15 inch that are probably 30 years old. Unbelievable quality. My boys both own Lodge skillets of various sizes, love those too but they are heavier.This Cast Iron Skillets item by RuralRoute183 has 8 favorites from Etsy shoppers. Ships from Ogden, UT. Listed on Jan 27, 2024. Gift Mode is HERE! Get $5 off orders $50+! ... Vintage #3 Birmingham Stove and Range cast iron Skillet pan, 6 5/8 inch in excellent condition. RuralRoute183 Star SellerDec 4, 2022 · This is a Birmingham Stove and Range #3 cast iron skillet from their Red Mountain series. Measures 6.5 inches across. Back has the unbroken heat ring with 3B on the bottom. Interior has normal utensil scratches for a pan of this age. Minor pits in the center, as shown in the photo. Has a very slight wobble when sitting on glass top stove ...Our full catalog, cleaning and care instructions, and more can be found at www.castandclarabell.comWagner Ware, made in Sidney Ohio, was known for their amazingly light and smooth cast iron cookware, and this #5 pan is a great example! Perfect for sides and sautee's like asparagus and summer veggies. It has been stripp.Aug 30, 2023 · Our Top Picks. Best Overall Cast-Iron Skillet: Lodge Cast Iron Skillet at Amazon ($27) Jump to Review. Best Budget Cast-Iron Skillet: Camp Chef 10-inch Seasoned Cast Iron Skillet at Amazon ($22) Jump to Review. Best Splurge Cast-Iron Skillet: Stargazer Cast Iron Skillet at Amazon ($125)Birmingham Stove & Range (BSR) cast iron skillet. Size #10 (12-7/16"). There are no cracks, breaks, etc. Pretty clean skillet, but old / used so could be casting flaws, scratches, light etching, utensil marks, other staining / color variation, dark spots from oil pooling during seasoning, etc. here or there.Materials: Iron. Vintage deep BSR (Birmingham Stove and Range) skillet or chicken fryer. It is marked NO. 7, 10 1/4 IN on the underside. This is typical, BSR rarely marked their pieces with the company name. This skillet is is great vintage condition and is great for use or display. No cracks , but has a tiny chip on one of the pour spouts.Birmingham Stove & Range Co. - Birmingham, AL. All BSR. Skillets: If heat ring, unbroken and inset. Ridge on bottom of skillet handle does not flatten out at sidewall of pan. Lids have indented dimples for basting drippers. …Cast Iron Skillet 8E Birmingham Stove Range Red Mountain series vintage mid-century (28) $ 57.99. FREE shipping Add to Favorites Rare BSR Red Mountain 7S cast iron Skillet (113) Sale Price $148.75 $ 148.75 $ 175.00 Original Price $175.00 (15% off ...The Cast Iron Collector: Information for the Vintage Cookware Enthusiast. Information on vintage cast iron cookware production, manufacturers, foundries, patents, trademarks and markings, specialty ware, unmarked ware, reproductions, and more! Learn how to identify, clean, restore, season and use collectible antique and modern cast iron cookware.UNLESS YOU’RE AN AVID COLLECTOR of cast-iron cookware, you’ve probably never heard of Birmingham Stove & Range. If you go to the corner of 27th Avenue North and Shuttlesworth Drive in North Birmingham, Alabama, where the foundry stood for more I than 75 years, you’ll find no trace of it.The flaky crust, warm spices, and sweet pears in this recipe are the perfect greeting to the autumn leaves and cozy sweaters! Subscribe below. Lancaster Cast Iron is bringing tradition back to your kitchen with smooth and lightweight cast iron cookware. The iconic design and American-made quality will make the Lancaster skillet your favorite ...Vintage Fine Vintage Birmingham Stove & Range Century Series, No. 5 Cast Iron Skillet Fry Pan with heat ring and double pour spouts, unmarked. This pan was manufactured by the Birmingham Stove & Range Manufacturing Company between 1959 and 1968.For your consideration is this larger #10 skillet From Birmingham Stove & Range. Originally founded in 1902 as the Alabama Manufacturing Company, they contracted to produce skillets for Atlanta Stove Works. ... No. 7 Wagner Ware Cast Iron Skillet, #7 P with Heat Ring, Sidney O, 9.5 inch diameter, Frying Baking Grilling Camping, Iron Cookware PanJohn, his wife KT (Katherine), and their cats Oreo and Wewe live in a tidy rambler in Chester, Virginia, about 15 miles outside of Richmond. John is a painter by trade and a cast-iron collector by choice. He has collected vintage and antique cast iron since about 2013 or 2014. 1 Yet, he has already amassed a large and significant collection ...Aug 7, 2019 - 9 diameter 8 wedge cast iron cornbread skillet cast by the Birmingham Stove & Range company in Alabama. Perfect for what cast iron is best for - making delicious corn bread and other desserts ! Not only is this an aesthetically pleasing piece, but it will please your taste buds as well by making itEnjoy and Use It Well! ISAAC MORTON. Founder, Smithey Ironware Company. Smithey Ironware Co. designs and manufactures heirloom quality cast iron and carbon steel cookware in Charleston, SC. From skillets to Dutch ovens, roasters to our hand-forged wok, Smithey crafts tools for your kitchen that will last a lifetime.To re-season cast iron, coat with a high heat oil. Wipe off all the oil with a lint-free cloth. Place in a 300 °F oven for 15 minutes and then take out your pieces and wipe all the oil off again (don't skip this step or the oil might pool on the cookware). Then place the pieces back in a 400 °F oven for 2 hours.Place the pan upside down on the middle rack of a 400 degrees F oven. Place a baking sheet on the rack below it to catch any oil drips. Let the pan bake for 45 minutes. Repeat steps 3 and 4 several times to get a good layer of seasoning. Remember: Use just a scant amount of oil every time so you don't gum up your pan.pot holders kitchen storage kitchen decor. Vintage BSR Century Series No. 8 Skillet with heat ring - Pre 1960 Some of the heaviest made castiron skillets were manufactured by the Birmingham Stove & Range Co. of Birmingham, AL. Offering even heat distribution even up through the sides these pans were made to last. Cast iron skillets make.Aug 7, 2019 - 9 diameter 8 wedge cast iron cornbread skillet cast by the Birmingham Stove & Range company in Alabama. Perfect for what cast iron is best for - making delicious corn bread and other desserts ! Not only is this an aesthetically pleasing piece, but it will please your taste buds as well by making itThe item “Birmingham Stove & Range / BSR Cast Iron Skillet Set #s 3, 5-8, Restored” is in sale since Friday, September 17, 2021. This item is in the category “Collectibles\Kitchen & Home\Cookware\Other Collectible Cookware”. The seller is “twoo32″ and is located in Indiana, Pennsylvania. This item can be shipped to United …This group is for people to buy,, sell, or trade cast iron Cookware . Post pic's and give recipes that you cook in your cast iron pots and pans or...Best overall: Field 10.25" Cast Iron Skillet - See at Field Company. Best value: Lodge 10.25" Classic Cast Iron Skillet - See at Amazon. Best enameled: Le Creuset 10" Signature Skillet - See at ...The item "Early BSR Birmingham Stove Range #12 Cast Iron Skillet Cleaned and RESTORED" is in sale since Sunday, January 3, 2021. This item is in the category "Collectibles\Kitchen & Home\Kitchenware\Cookware\Cast Iron". The seller is "jfbookman" and is located in San Rafael, California. This item can be shipped to United States ...Cast Iron with use is a great chemical free nonstick cookware, and is versatile in it's many uses. Birmingham Stove & Range operated in Birmingham Alabama from 1898 (operated under Atlanta Stove Works until 1909) till 1989, they primarily made wood burning stoves and began to make cookware in 1902.Birmingham Stove & Range (BSR) cast iron 15" / #14 skillet. There are no cracks, breaks, etc. A few real minor flea bites under one of the spouts. Other than that, looks like it hasn't seen much use, but been around a bit, so could be …Place the skillet on the stovetop as if you were going to cook something. To season cast iron on the stovetop, your stove needs to be set between medium and medium-high heat. You do not need a high temperature or excessive heat to achieve excellent seasoning. Once the skillet is hot, add 1-2 tablespoons of oil to the surface.Blackberry Orange Tart for Two. Made in the USA. Shop Heat-Treated 6.5 Inch and 5 Inch Cast Iron Skillet at Lodge Cast Iron, designed for small servings, desserts, individual use & more.New member. Mar 31, 2018. #1. Just bought the lid to what obviously went to a set. Looked it up and found a patent filed November 29, 1933. It is John C. Johnson Co. of Birmingham, Alabama. It seems it was a 3 piece set, with the lid/skillet, then 2 more pans/pots, similar to a double boiler. Is anyone familiar with this iron and if so, how ...The item “Vintage Birmingham Stove & Range BSR Red Mountain No. 9 Cast Iron Skillet” is in sale since Thursday, February 13, 2020. This item is in the category “Collectibles\Kitchen & Home\Kitchenware\Cookware\Cast Iron”. The seller is “imthebeat” and is located in Stony Brook, New York. This item can be shipped worldwide.Pure cast iron griddles and skillets made in the UK. Double seasoned for a natural non-stick finish, our hardwearing cast iron pans sear and char flavour into everything they cook. Explore the range.This cast iron cookware weighs in at just under 30 pounds. Key Specs. Dimensions: 16.1 x 14.7 x 5.5 in. Oven-Safe: Yes: Weight: 29.3 lb: 8. Best Griddle for Small Homes.Ghost marks are what can happen when an existing pattern used to make the molds to create cast iron pieces is modified. If a foundry decided to change its markings, or remove markings altogether in the case of unmarked goods, they often did not go to the trouble and expense of creating new patterns. Instead, the old patterns had the obsolete ...OMG Incredible speed. It was exactly as pictured and very, very, very well wrapped. Birmingham Stove & Range (BSR) cast iron skillet. Size #10 (12-7/16"). There are no cracks, breaks, etc. Cleaned up fine, but was in poor condition / neglected, so minor signs of prior condition throughout including etching / flea bites / minor pitting.Item details. Vintage from the 1950s. This is a Birmingham Stove and Range 10 inch cast iron chef skillet. Made in South Pittsburg, Tennessee, by Lodge. Cooking surface is rough, but not as rough as most of todays modern cast iron, and the pan has an inset heat ring. This pan has been cleaned and seasoned with crisco, and ready to use.Vintage BSR Birmingham Cast Iron #8 Handled Flat GRIDDLE SKILLET FRY PAN VGUC NR. ona808219 (28889) 100% positive; Seller's other items Seller's other items; Contact seller; US $19.99. ... Wapak Cast Iron Cookware, Cast Iron Seat, Collectible Cast Iron Stoves, Cast Iron Mechanical Bank, Griswold Collectible Cast Iron Cookware,Vintage BSR Birmingham Stove and Range Cast Iron Square Skillet ~ Fully Restored. Nan-tiques Collectibles (833) 99.6% positive; Seller's other items Seller's other items; ... Griswold Collectible Cast Iron Cookware, Cast Iron Match Holder, Lodge Cookware Cast Iron Collectibles, Cast Iron Collectible Piggy Banks; Additional site navigation ...Vintage #3 Birmingham Stove and Range century series cast iron Skillet pan, 6 5/8 inch in excellent condition. (390) $40.00. FREE shipping. VTG. Birmingham Stove & Range #3 Century Series Cast Iron Skillet with Heat ring, 6-5/8". (17)Feb 27, 2020 · Rare vintage Birmingham Stove & Range (BSR) Red Mountain underscored No. 9 cast iron skillet with heat ring. Measures 11-3/8″ rim to rim, depth is 2″, 16-1/8 overall rim to end of handle. Smooth cooking surface with minor utensil marks, minor heat wear on the bottom surface, side-to-side movement, best used on a non-glass cooking surface.Vintage Cast Iron Skillet With Heat Ring Unmarked Griswold Wagner Birmingham Stove And Range Type 5X Good solid used condition, no damage. I have not cleaned it, it is as found condition. You can clean this in your oven with the oven on clean mode. Marked on bottom 5X. Measures 7-7/8" inches across the top brim,Cast Iron Pan, Everyday Pans, Mini Pans with Handles, Cast Iron Skillets, Non- Stick Pan, Small Skillets, Frying Pans, 22 cm Pans ... BSR Red Mountain 5L Cast Iron Skillet w/heat ring. Made by Birmingham, Stove and Range Alabama in the 1930/40's. Excellent Used Condition.Aug 30, 2023 · Our Top Picks. Best Overall Cast-Iron Skillet: Lodge Cast Iron Skillet at Amazon ($27) Jump to Review. Best Budget Cast-Iron Skillet: Camp Chef 10-inch Seasoned Cast Iron Skillet at Amazon ($22) Jump to Review. Best Splurge Cast-Iron Skillet: Stargazer Cast Iron Skillet at Amazon ($125)T he maker is The Birmingham Stove & Range Co. & the exact age is unknown to me. The approximate measurements are 4" Diameter x 1" Tall.Be sure to use the ZOOM feature to view my 4 pictures VERY CLOSELY BEFORE bidding or buying because they are also part of my description. If any questions or more pictures are needed PLEASE ask before bidding ...Birmingham stove and range 8-b (7) ... Very Nice National/Wagner #8 Dual Logo Cast Iron Skillet W/Heat Ring Cat. #1358 F Stock #22035 a d vertisement by TheOldRustySkillet Ad vertisement from shop TheOldRustySkillet TheOldRustySkillet From shop TheOldRustySkillet $ 141.95.Calling All Cast Iron. August 21, 2020 ·. $65. Rare Vintage John C Johnson cast iron skillet/lid comboProfessionally restored and seasoned. Pat. Pending 91487 Birmingham Alabama. This is the top to a combo set. Measures 10 inches wide and 1-5/8 inches deep. Sits flat with no spin or wobble.Birmingham Stove & Range Co. - Birmingham, Alabama. Birmingham Stove & Range Co. also produced some corn stick pans, and is notable for designing the first round cornbread skillet design featuring individual wedge-shaped sections. #5 - 5 breadstick shaped cups. #6 - 6 "turk's head" shaped cups arranged 3-3 with open frame.This vintage cast iron corn bread pan is a scarce round six wedge. Made in the 60s by Birmingham Stove and Range, Pat. Pending, this corn bread skillet measures 6.5 in diameter. It is in very good condition and a hard to find little pan! Shipping $9.95Location: Birmingham, Jefferson County, AlabamaFounder: Sam D. JonesPeriod of Production: 1902-1989Products Manufactured: Full LineBrand Names: Red Mountain, Century, Pioneer, Lady Bess.BSR Birmingham Stove & Range Cast Iron Skillet #8C Red mountain series 1930's. Opens in a new window or tab. Pre-Owned. $24.95. ironpanman (2,334) 100%. or Best Offer +$33.05 shipping. derosnopS. Birmingham Stove & Range Cast Iron Century Series Skillet #7 RESTORED. Opens in a new window or tab. Pre-Owned. $49.99.Best overall: Field 10.25" Cast Iron Skillet - See at Field Company. Best value: Lodge 10.25" Classic Cast Iron Skillet - See at Amazon. Best enameled: Le Creuset 10" Signature Skillet - See at ...pot holders kitchen storage kitchen decor. Vintage BSR Century Series No. 8 Skillet with heat ring - Pre 1960 Some of the heaviest made castiron skillets were manufactured by the Birmingham Stove & Range Co. of Birmingham, AL. Offering even heat distribution even up through the sides these pans were made to last. Cast iron skillets make.Here's a look at a giant #14 size "Red Mountain" series cast iron skillet. It was made by Birmingham Stove & Range somewhere between the 1940s and 1960s, an...️ Hersheys Dark Chocolate Brownie Kit, Heart Cast Iron Skillet (sealed new) $12. san jose west CAST IRON oval rare skillet griddle pan ..lid OLD. $150. sunnyvale ... Wagner Ware, Birmingham Stove & Range cast iron. $0. santa rosa POT kitchen RACK WALL MOUNT 2 tier shelf. $65. ...To use it, spray the foam all over the cookware, then seal it in heavy duty garbage bags and let it sit for 24 hours. Then scrub the pans with a heavy duty scrubber to remove the seasoning and strip the pan down to its original metal surface, which you'll recognize by its gunmetal gray color.Birmingham, Alabama Cast Iron Skillet is used in good condition, width is 9 1/2" actual cooking space with a 10" overall width. 1 3/4" depth. skillet does have an outer rim which could be used with a lid.Pans ideas. art paint blouses collars and bibs. Up for your consideration is a BSR Cast Iron Corn Bread Skillet 6CBS. It was originally made between 1950 to the 1960s. It has a diameter of 6 1/2 inches. This piece is the little brother to the 8 slot skillet, and features 6 slots for baking cornbread. These are not seen as often as the larger.Here is a Real Nice Vintage Cast Iron Skillet by BSR which is Birmingham Stove & Range Co. Marked with a No. 5 and a 8 1/8 inch Skillet. It has been Cleaned,Seasoned, and it is Ready to Use. It has a Super Smooth Inside, and it sits Flat. It also has a Heat Ring on its Bottom. There are No, Chips,Vintage BSR Birmingham Stove and Range Mercedes Logo Cast Iron Skillet Size 8 **Condition Issues** Sold See item details See item details Similar items on Etsy ... 1930's Wagner Ware Sidney-O- Cast iron Skillet #10 Stylized Logo 1060E Restored & Seasoned 11 1/2" Diameter 2 1/2" TallVintage Birmingham Stove and Range (BSR) Cast Iron square skillet with the following markings on the underside: Small Fry, No 5 x 5, 68H-1, Made In USA. ... Cast Iron Skillets Farmhouse Cookware Cast Iron Frying Pan Cast Iron Frying Pan Cleaning and Care Instructions Lodge Decor Camping CookwareThe item “Vintage Birmingham Stove & Range BSR Red Mountain No. 9 , This vintage cast iron corn bread pan is a scarce round six wedge. Made in the 60s by Birmingham Stove , This Vintage Cast Iron No. 8W Skillet Cooking Pan 61 H-1 with Wo, Up for bid here is a vintage Birmingham Stove & Range (BSR) Y 1 cast iron Red Mountain Series skillet fry pan ca. 1, More of a user than a collector. This is a BSR workhorse, Cast iron Corn Bread Skillet made by Birmingham Stove &am, Cuisinel Cast Iron Lid - Fits 10-Inch" Lodge Skillet Frying Pans or Braiser + Silicone , Our Top Picks. Best Overall Cast-Iron Skillet: Lodge Cast Iro, 1930's Antique BIRMINGHAM BSR Red Mountain Series 7 N Cast Iron S, Birmingham Stove and Range. Seller assumes all responsi, This video looks at pans from BS&R made during the first half of, About Calling All Cast Iron. Patti Washington, a native , Lodge has been making cast iron cookware in the USA si, Source eBay. For auction is a cast Lawler Lines cast ir, Blackberry Orange Tart for Two. Made in the USA. Shop Heat-Trea, Place the pan upside down on the middle rack of a 400 degrees , Vintage BSR #12 Birmingham Stove & Range Century Series , I have a bit of a cast iron problem. Over the years I&#.